fbpx
Market intelligence for international student recruitment from ICEF

US visa data indicates international enrolments down marginally in 2021

Short on time? Here are the highlights:
  • While international enrolments in the US declined again in 2021, the extent of the decline is much less severe than in 2020
  • The picture is mixed across sectors and study levels, however
  • The Chinese market continues to cool off, while India, Europe, and Africa are notable sources of growth

After enduring a nearly 18% drop in foreign enrolments in 2020, US educators – at least in higher education – began to see room for optimism in 2021 as the sharp decline trend began to tip the other way. The latest data release from the US Customs and Immigration Student and Exchange Visitor Program indicates that the number of SEVIS records for active F-1 and M-1 students in the US fell by -1.2% compared with 2020, for a total of 1,236,748 students holding those visas. The overall decline is obviously much more modest than in 2020, but K-12 programmes and associate degree programmes suffered more significant enrolment losses.

SEVIS-registered students are enrolled in primary and secondary schools, language training centres, higher education, and practical training programmes related to their degrees. For 2021, the vast majority (92%) were enrolled in higher education programmes at the associate, bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral levels. Higher education programmes hosted slightly more international students (1,142,352) in 2021, a +1.8% increase from the year before.

K-12 sector hosting fewer Chinese students

The K-12 sector was affected more negatively than others; 9,489 fewer K-12 students came to the US in 2021, representing a -16% decline. That drop follows a decrease of -24.6% in 2020, so the cumulative effects of two years of the pandemic have been particularly challenging for this sector.

Especially noteworthy here is a general trend of declining Chinese enrolments in the US (and in several other destinations). Whereas in 2020, Chinese K-12 students composed nearly 44% (25,941) of the total number of international K-12 students in the country, in 2021 this proportion fell to 37% (17,375). This means that of the 9,489 fewer international enrolments in US K-12 in 2021, the vast majority were lost from the Chinese market. The top five markets for US K-12 educators in 2021 were:

  • China 37% (17,375) – down from 44%
  • South Korea 8.7% (4,288) – down from 9.2%
  • Mexico 7% (3,462) – up from 4.8%
  • Vietnam 6.7% (3,323) – down from 7.5%
  • Canada 4.3% (2,129) – up from 3.4%

OPT numbers fall for third consecutive year

The number of students participating in Optional Practical Training (OPT) also fell by -13.6%, a more significant decrease than in 2020 when numbers fell by -12%. A total of 105,970 international students were working in the US under the OPT programme in 2021, compared with 122,699 in 2020.

Graduate programmes see solid uptick

In terms of study level, US master’s programmes are becoming more popular. There was a +6.6% increase in active F-1 visas for master’s programmes (for a total of 438,390 students), a nice contrast from a -16% decrease in 2020. One step higher, US doctoral programmes enrolled +6.7% more international students; 191,027 international students studied at the doctoral level in 2021 compared with 179,073 in 2020. International master’s students now make up 38% of the total international student population in higher education in the US (up from 36% in 2020), and doctoral students compose 17% of the total (up from 16% in 2020).

Bachelor’s programmes were fairly stable (-0.5% decrease in F-1 visas for a total of 881,830 students), following a -13% decline in 2020. International bachelor’s students make up 38% of the total number of international students in US higher education, down from 40% in 2020.

But the number of international students seeking associate degrees decreased by -19.1% in 2021 (after falling by -19.9% in 2020) for a total of 69,495 students on F-1 visas for this level of study. The proportion of international students pursuing associate degrees fell from 8% (2020) to 6% in (2021) of the total in US higher education.

Business studies still the most popular

US business studies programmes enrolled 80,334 international students in 2021, compared with 90,099 in 2020 – a -10.8% drop. In contrast, computer science programmes increased their international enrolments by +10.5% and computer and information sciences programmes grew by +14.8%. Electrical and electronics engineering was down by -8.9% and mechanical engineering by -4.3%.

Top subjects for international students in the US, 2020. Source: US Customs and Immigration Student and Exchange Visitor Program

Emerging markets contributing more growth

Asia continues to be the most important region for international student recruiters in the US, but there are contrasting trends in the two largest markets of China and India. China sent 33,569 fewer students, while India sent 25,391 more students in 2021 compared with 2020.

The table below shows the top ten student markets for US educators. For perspective, here is what happened in 2021 versus 2020: China fell by -8.7%, India grew by +12.2%, South Korea fell by -13.8%, Canada grew by +5.8%, Brazil fell by -3.8%, Vietnam fell by -8.9%, Saudi Arabia fell by -24.8%, Taiwan fell by -3.7%, Japan fell by -23.4%, and Mexico grew by +13.1%. The declines from Asia are offset by moderate growth from Latin America (+1.3%), Europe (+7.9) and especially Africa (+9.3).

In Africa, Nigeria sent +12% more students (for a total of 19,338 Nigerian students in the US), while Kenya sent 13% more students (for a total of 5,462 Kenyan students). In Europe, the main growth stories are summarised in the chart following the top ten markets.

Top ten student markets for the US according to 2021 SEVIS records. Source: US Customs and Immigration Student and Exchange Visitor Program
Europe sent 8% more students to the US in 2021 than in 2020. Source: Source: US Customs and Immigration Student and Exchange Visitor Program

For additional background, please see:

Most Recent

  • ICEF Podcast: Together for transparency – Building global standards for ethical international student recruitment Read More
  • New analysis sounds a note of caution for UK immigration reforms Read More
  • The number of students in higher education abroad has more than tripled since the turn of the century Read More

Most Popular

  • Which countries will contribute the most to global student mobility in 2030? Read More
  • Research shows link between study abroad and poverty alleviation  Read More
  • Beyond the Big Four: How demand for study abroad is shifting to destinations in Asia and Europe Read More

Because you found this article interesting

New analysis sounds a note of caution for UK immigration reforms Within the UK’s higher education system, there are a group of institutions known as “Post-1992 universities”. The term...
Read more
The number of students in higher education abroad has more than tripled since the turn of the century The latest figures from UNESCO indicate continued strong growth in higher education enrolments globally. From the year 2000,...
Read more
US warns of expanded travel ban that could affect key African markets “The United States is considering restricting entry to citizens of an additional 36 countries in what would be...
Read more
Breaking: US resumes student visa processing On 18 June, the US State Department sent a cable to all US diplomatic posts abroad instructing them...
Read more
Is Canada valued more as a “pathway to immigration” or as a destination for education? During a 12 June 2025 webinar presented by the Canadian Bureau for International Education (CBIE) and IDP, IDP...
Read more
Japanese outbound numbers reached 90% of pre-pandemic levels in 2024 An annual survey of Japanese education agents finds that outbound student numbers from this key sending market are...
Read more
UK: Study visa applications up by nearly a third year to date The early data we are seeing so far this year makes a couple of things clear. First, there...
Read more
Real-time insights on shifting international student interest in the US ICEF and NAFSA co-hosted a featured webinar on 11 June, and the session showcased some important data reflecting...
Read more
What are you looking for?
Quick Links